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Magnesium sensing via LFA-1 regulates CD8+ T cell effector function
Jonas Lötscher
Adrià-Arnau Martí i Líndez
Nicole Kirchhammer
Carolyn G. King
Alfred Zippelius
Christoph Hess
et al
Highlights
•LFA-1 mediated co-stimulation of CD8+ T cells depends on extracellular magnesium
•Magnesium is sensed via LFA-1 and regulates the effector function of CD8+ T cells
•Low serum magnesium levels are associated with worse outcomes in cancer immunotherapy
•The magnesium-LFA-1 axis has translational potential
Summary
The relevance of extracellular magnesium in cellular immunity remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the co-stimulatory cell-surface molecule LFA-1 requires magnesium to adopt its active conformation on CD8+ T cells, thereby augmenting calcium flux, signal transduction, metabolic reprogramming, immune synapse formation, and, as a consequence, specific cytotoxicity. Accordingly, magnesium-sufficiency sensed via LFA-1 translated to the superior performance of pathogen- and tumor-specific T cells, enhanced effectiveness of bi-specific T cell engaging antibodies, and improved CAR T cell function. Clinically, low serum magnesium levels were associated with more rapid disease progression and shorter overall survival in CAR T cell and immune checkpoint antibody-treated patients. LFA-1 thus directly incorporates information on the composition of the microenvironment as a determinant of outside-in signaling activity. These findings conceptually link co-stimulation and nutrient sensing and point to the magnesium-LFA-1 axis as a therapeutically amenable biologic system.
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